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Commercial policy. --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Government policy

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"[This book] analyses the evolution and current landscape of dispute settlement in trade and investment agreements in the Americas. In recent years many Latin American countries have liberalized their trade and investment regimes, opening their markets to free international trade. At the same time, regional economic integration has boomed. This book is the first systematic analysis in any language of these globally significant developments, and the first comprehensive legal study of dispute settlement relating to foreign direct investment and trade in the region. The book looks beyond focusing on formalized dispute settlement mechanisms to underline other techniques such as alternative dispute resolution channels, including dispute prevention practices. In proposing solutions to the current challenges, the book taps into the precedents and practice, stressing the relevant domestic and international case law on dispute resolution applicable to these treaties."--

Commercial policy. --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Government policy --- Latin America

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Les gouvernements de la plupart des pays développés, ainsi que des pays en développement, mettent en place des mesures douanières (tarifs, contingents tarifaires et subventions à l’exportation) afin de pousser les prix domestiques des produits agricoles à la hausse. Dans certains pays de l’OCDE, les gouvernements donnent des aides financières au secteur agricole à travers d’autres moyens également. Typiquement, ces interventions créent des distorsions sur l’allocation des ressources, qui mènent à des décisions non optimales sur la consommation et la production. Utilisant un modèle agricole d’équilibre partiel avec un niveau de détail des politiques précis, cette étude examine par année, les impacts sur le marché des réformes de la politique agricole pour les 10 années à venir.

Agriculture and state. --- Commercial policy. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Agrarian question --- Agricultural policy --- Agriculture --- State and agriculture --- Government policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Land reform

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"Women make a significant contribution to West Africa's food economy, perpetuating a long tradition of commerce and participating in cross-border trade and regional outreach. Their activities face numerous obstacles but also present important opportunities, highlighted in this report through an unprecedented relational and spatial analysis of social networks. The study focuses on the rice sector in the Dendi region (Benin, Niger and Nigeria) and on the regional governance networks that support women's entrepreneurship. It confirms that Nigeria occupies a privileged position due to its demographics and growing urbanisation. The report proposes the development of innovative public policies based on the reinforcement of the social capital of women and policy approaches that promote better integration of the initiatives undertaken by governments, international and non-governmental organisations to empower women and strengthen their resilience."--Page 4 of cover.

Commercial policy. --- Women. --- Africa, West. --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Government policy --- Africa, Western --- West Africa --- Western Africa

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The dramatic price falls of 2014-2015 marked the end of the most powerful and enduring commodity boom since the Second World War. Now in its third edition, this book acts as a guide to the ins and outs of the primary commodity universe. Updates to this edition reflect on the consequences of both China's economic slowdown as its industrialization enters a new, less commodity demanding phase, and changes in the USA's trade policy under the Trump administration. Additionally, this edition takes into account recent developments in world oil markets and examines the effects of increased climate concerns. The authors introduce and explain pertinent issues surrounding international commodity markets such as the global geography of raw materials, price formation, price trends, the role of commodity exchanges, the threat of depletion, cartel action, state ownership, emerging commodity nationalism and more.

Primary commodities. --- Primary commodities --- Commercial policy. --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Basic commodities --- Commodities, Basic --- Commodities, Primary --- Primary products --- Commercial products --- Prices. --- Government policy